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| The view of Shwedagon Pagoda from Kandawgyi Lake |
The Shwedagon Pagoda is the colossal golden spire in Yangon,
the business capital of the union of Myanmar. The great shrine stands on the
Singuttra Hill which is the southern extremity of the Bago Yoma.
The Shwedagon Pagoda, a vertical mountain of gold, in held
in high is teem by Buddhists all over the world. This pagoda is Myanmar
outstanding land mark. The pagoda was build over 2,500 years ago by King
Ukkalapa on the full-moon day of Taboung in 103 Buddhist Era. Four relics were
enshrined in this pagoda, namely the staff of Kaukuthan Buddha, the
water-dipper of Grawnagon Buddha, the bathing-robe of Kassapa Buddha and the
eight hairs of Gautama Buddha. Hence the Shwedagon is called “The Pagoda of Four
Relics”.
The foundation of the pagoda is coeval with the
Enlightenment of Gautama Buddha. On the morning of the forty-ninth day after
the Buddha had attained enlightenment, two brothers – Taphussa and Bhallika,
came to this seared place. They are merchants from Ukkalapa province of the
land of Romanya. As directed by a nat(spirit), the two brothers approached the
food of linlum tree where the Buddha was residing after enlightenment. Seeing a
halo of six radiation rays round the body of the Buddha, they were
wonder-struck and held the Buddha in great adoration. The two brothers paid
homage to the Buddha with offerings of rice-cakes and honey-food. He preached
them the law. When they supplicated to the lord Buddha to give them something
they might worship as the lord’s self. He stroked his head with his right hand
and got eight hairs and gave them to the merchants.
Taphussa and Bhallika came back to their native town
carrying the lord Buddha’s hairs. Near the gate of the city they build a mandat
(pandal) where the casket containing the hairs was placed. A festival was held
for three day and the towns-people flocked to the pandal to worship the hairs.
King Ukkalapa, on hearing about the arrival of the sacred hairs, was filled
with joy. Then, King Ukkalapa, the son of Sakka (the king of nat) and Mailamu,
made arrangements to build a pagoda on Singuttara Hill where in were enshrined
the hairs of Gautama Buddha together with the Relics of three preceding Buddha.
At the time, King Ukkalapa built the Shwedagon Pagoda it was
only 66 feet in height. The king from Mon, King Binnyagyan raised it to 302 feet
and only in the eighteenth century, Myanmar King Sinbuyshin raised it to its
present height of 326 feet. The perimeter at the base of the pagoda is 1420
feet. On the upper platform, there are 64 small pagodas with four larger one,
at the cardinal paints. The base of this platform is again surrounded by 75
Ok-gupyatthat pagodas.
The most venerated four images, one each in the central
niches of the Aryongon Tazaungs, the main prayer halls at the cardinal points,
are those of Gautama Buddha in the north, Gaunagon Buddha in the south,
Kaukkuthan Buddha in the east and Kassapa Buddha in the west.
The pagoda was studded with many kinds of gems from the
plinth to the banana bud. At the top stands a priceless “Sein Phu” (diamond
bud). It is a spherical globe 10 inches in diameter inlaid with over 4,500
diamonds and other precious stones that adorn the finial of the great Shwedagon
Pagoda. The bulbous spire, form the moulding s to the top of the banana bud,
was covered with 13,153 gold plates each measuring one foot square. Each gold
plate weighs six tickles.
There are many Aryongan Tazaungs encircling the great pagoda
on the platform. The Shwedagon with its hit whispering with silvery sounds by
day or by night in a most peaceful and quiet place with intense and devotional
atmosphere fit for prayers and meditation by gods and man.
There are some, folk-elements at the pagoda in the guise of
joys-symbolic figures of “planets” representing different days of the week.
Under each symbolic figure on pillar, there is a small image of Buddha. People
(especially weaker sex) in great distress go to the particular symbolic figure
of joy on the main platform and a professional water-seller recites his
memorized prayers on behalf of his client, before the symbolic figure of a joy.
Then the client pours water relevantly over the body of the Buddha image from a
silver bowl many times.
The Shwedagon Pagoda hill is on 190 feet above sea level. On
the first terrace are 64 small pagodas with four big one, and at the four
corners are “Manokthiha” (sphinx – like but twin-bodied mythical erectors) and
lions. On the north-west corner of this terrace will be found the figures of
Kings parents, Sakka and Mailamu. On the platform of the shrine are two large
bells, the one in the north-east corner pavilion
is the “Maha Tisadda Ghamda Bell” donated by King Tharyawaddy in 1841 A.D and
weighs 40 tons and is 81/2 height. The other bell in the north-west corner
pavilion is the “Maha Grada Bell” donated by King Singu in 1778 AD. It weighs
23.3 tons and is 7 feet high. There is a sacred Bodhi Tree (Nyaung Bodhi, a
kind of banyan tree) somewhere on the platform of the pagoda to which a
devotional pouring of water is made by all devout Buddhists on the full-moon
day of Kason (Buddha’s day) every year.
The pagoda festivals are held on the platform and the prayer
halls of the great Shwedagon with full attendance of the Buddhist devotees on
the full-moon days of Kason, Wazo, Thadingyut, Tazaungmon and Tabaung. Among
them, Tazaungmon and Tabaung festivals are very famous, the former being the
communal offering to the images of the lord Buddha of sacred yellow robes
(Mathothingyan) before dawn, and the latter being the mural celebration of
building the pagoda.There are three elevators attached to eastern, norther and
southern stairways and one escalator to the western stairway of the pagoda.
ref; Maung Khine Zaw, The Traveller
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| Anatomy of the Shwedagon |
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| The view of Shwedagon in early 19th century |
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| Celebrating a ceremony on the platform |
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| Pagoda platform at the dawn |
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| Celebrating the Buddha's day ceremony at the Bodhi Tree |
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| Decoration statues at the Shwedagon Pagoda |
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| Diamond Bud of the Pagoda |
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| 76 carat diamond at the top of the Diamond Bud of the Pagoda |
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| Historic Bell |
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| Meditation on the platform |
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| Pouring water at the Planetary Post |
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| Praying at the shrine hall |
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| Inside of a shrine hall |
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| the view of Shwedagon Pagoda and Kandawgyi Lake |
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| Night view of Shwedagon Pagoda and city area |
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| Stairway to the pagoda |
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| Souvenir shop at the stairway |
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| Offerings shops at the stairway |
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| British Army at the Shwedagon stairway in 1943-1945 |
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| Volunteers sweepers on the pagoda platform |
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| Novitiation ceremony on the pagoda platform |
